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Old Goa, located in the western Indian state of Goa, is a historic city that was once the capital of Portuguese India. It holds great significance as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is a popular tourist destination for its rich history and cultural heritage.

History:
Old Goa was founded in the 15th century by the Sultanate of Bijapur and was later captured by the Portuguese in 1510. Under Portuguese rule, it flourished as a major trade and administrative center, attracting people from various parts of the world. However, due to the outbreak of epidemics like cholera and malaria, the city was eventually abandoned as the capital in the late 18th century, and the capital was shifted to Panaji.

Attractions:
Old Goa is home to several magnificent churches and cathedrals, showcasing the architectural grandeur of the Portuguese era. Some of the must-visit attractions include the Basilica of Bom Jesus, which houses the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier, the Se Cathedral with its stunning Portuguese-Gothic style, and the Church of St. Cajetan, inspired by the St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.

Apart from the religious sites, you can also explore the Archaeological Museum of Goa, which displays artifacts and sculptures from the Portuguese era. The Viceroy's Arch, a monumental structure that once served as the gateway to the city, is another notable attraction worth visiting.

Tips for Tourists:
1. Visiting Old Goa can be quite hot and humid, so it is advisable to carry sunscreen, a hat, and comfortable clothing.
2. The best time to visit is during the winter months from November to February when the weather is pleasant.
3. Make sure to dress modestly when visiting religious sites, covering your shoulders and knees.
4. It is recommended to hire a local guide to get a deeper understanding of the history and significance of each site.
5. Old Goa can get crowded, especially during weekends and holidays, so plan your visit accordingly and arrive early to avoid the rush.
6. There are several restaurants and cafes around Old Goa where you can savor Goan cuisine, known for its seafood delicacies and spicy flavors.

Old Goa offers a fascinating glimpse into the colonial past of India and is a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and those interested in exploring the cultural heritage of Goa.